Wahyu 5:4-5

5:4 So ¹  I began weeping bitterly ²  because no one was found who was worthy to open the scroll or to look into it. 5:5 Then ³  one of the elders said ⁴  to me, “Stop weeping! ⁵  Look, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the root of David, has conquered; ⁶  thus he can open ⁷  the scroll and its seven seals.”

Wahyu 18:9

18:9 Then ⁸  the kings of the earth who committed immoral acts with her and lived in sensual luxury ⁹  with her will weep and wail for her when they see the smoke from the fire that burns her up. ¹⁰ 

Wahyu 18:11

18:11 Then ¹¹  the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn for her because no one buys their cargo ¹²  any longer –

Wahyu 18:15

18:15 The merchants who sold ¹³  these things, who got rich from her, will stand a long way off because they are afraid of her torment. They will weep ¹⁴  and mourn,

Wahyu 18:19

18:19 And they threw dust on their heads and were shouting with weeping and mourning, ¹⁵ 

“Woe, Woe, O great city –

in which all those who had ships on the sea got rich from her wealth –

because in a single hour she has been destroyed!” ¹⁶ 

[5:4]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of no one being found worthy to open the scroll.

[5:4]  ² tn Grk “much.”

[5:5]  ³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[5:5]  ⁴ tn Grk “says” (a historical present).

[5:5]  ⁵ tn The present imperative with μή (mh) is used here to command cessation of an action in progress (ExSyn 724 lists this verse as an example).

[5:5]  ⁶ tn Or “has been victorious”; traditionally, “has overcome.”

[5:5]  ⁷ tn The infinitive has been translated as an infinitive of result here.

[18:9]  ⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[18:9]  ⁹ tn On the term ἐστρηνίασεν (estrhniasen) BDAG 949 s.v. στρηνιάω states, “live in luxury, live sensually Rv 18:7. W. πορνεύειν vs. 9.”

[18:9]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “from the burning of her.” For the translation “the smoke from the fire that burns her up,” see L&N 14.63.

[18:11]  ¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[18:11]  ¹² tn On γόμος (gomos) BDAG 205 s.v. states, “load, freight…cargo of a ship…Ac 21:3. W. gen. of the owner Rv 18:11. W. gen. of content…γ. χρυσοῦ a cargo of gold vs. 12.”

[18:15]  ¹³ tn Grk “the merchants [sellers] of these things.”

[18:15]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “her torment, weeping.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started in the translation by supplying the words “They will” here.

[18:19]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “with weeping and mourning, saying.” Here the participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated because it is redundant in contemporary English.

[18:19]  ¹⁶ tn On ἡρημώθη (Jhrhmwqh) L&N 20.41 states, “to suffer destruction, with the implication of being deserted and abandoned – ‘to be destroyed, to suffer destruction, to suffer desolation.’ ἐρημόομαι: μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη ὁ τοσοῦτος πλοῦτος ‘such great wealth has been destroyed within a single hour’ Re 18:17.”